Lesson (130), Język angielski - ebooki, Angielski - Lesson
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
I.
Read the text and do the exercises. Przeczytaj tekst i wykonaj ćwiczenia
Wonders of modern construction
A.
Itaipu Dam
Five miles wide and
requiring
enough
concrete
to build five Hoover Dams, the Itaipu Dam
spans
the Parana River at the Brazil/Paraguay border. During its construction, workers
shifted
the course of the seventh largest river in the world by removing 50 million tons of earth and
rock to dig a 1.3mile
bypass
. The main
dam
, as high as a 65story building, is composed of
hollow
concrete segments, while the wings are earth and rock
fill
. Enough
iron
and steel was
used at Itaipu to build 300 Eiffel Towers. Another
marvel
of Itaipu is its
powerhouse
half
a mile long, half underwater and containing 18 hydroelectric generators each 53 ft. across.
Some 160 tons of water per second
pour
onto each turbine, generating 12,600 mega watts
enough to power most of California. Itaipu currently
supplies
28 percent of all the electric
energy in Brazil's south, southeast and centralwest regions, and 72 percent of Paraguay's total
energy consumption.
B.
Channel Tunnel
The 31mile Channel Tunnel (Chunnel) fulfilled a centuriesold dream by linking Britain and
the rest of Europe. It's more than a tunnel it rolls infrastructure and
immense
machinery into
an underwater tunnel system of
unprecedented
ambition. Three concrete tubes each 5 ft. thick,
dig into the earth at Coquelles, France and go through the
chalky
basement
of the English
Channel. They
emerge
at Folkstone, behind the white cliffs of Dover. Through two of the
tubes rush the broadest trains ever built double deckers 14 ft. across traveling close to
100 mph. Passengers board not on foot, but in automobiles and buses. Maintenance and
emergency vehicles use the third tunnel, between the rail tubes. Meanwhile, machines are
always at work, turning the Channel Tunnel into a living, intelligent structure. Some 300
miles of cold water
piping
run alongside the rail tracks to cool the heat raised by air
friction
.
C.
C Tower
The world's tallest freestanding structure
soars
1,815 ft. above the
sidewalks
of Toronto,
three times the height of its betterknown cousin, the Seattle Space Needle. The CN Tower, as
heavy as 23,214 large elephants, was
erected
at an amazing rate of 18 ft. per day. Designed
with the aid of a wind tunnel, the CN Tower can
withstand
260mph
gusts
. A pair of 10ton
counterweights
are attached to the mast to keep the tower from
swaying
too much. FM radio
signals are broadcast from the base of the antenna, while television signals are sent from the
top. Presently, 16 of Toronto's media signals are transmitted from the tower.
D.
The Golden Gate Bridge
More than 60 years after its completion, the Golden Gate Bridge remains the world's tallest
suspension
bridge. Hanging from two 746fthigh towers, its cables each a yard thick are
the biggest ever to support a bridge.
1
Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
In fact, the Golden Gate Bridge contains enough cable to
encircle
the earth three times. To
leap
across the mouth of an ocean
harbor
, something never before
accomplished
, civil
engineers planted one
pier
in the open sea, 1,000 ft. from the shore. Construction crews
experienced biting cold, 70mph
gusts
and heights to complete the bridge in only four years.
The bridge combines engineering strength and beauty. It survived the 1989 Loma Prieta
earthquake, and weather has shut it to traffic only three times in 60 years. Today, the Golden
Gate Bridge remains one of the world's most photographed bridges.
1.
Match the words from the text with their translations. Połącz wyrazy z tekstu
z ich tłumaczeniem
Require
Dokonać
Concrete
Piwnica
Span
Obwodnica
Shift
Kredowy
Bypass
Beton
Dam
Przeciwwaga
Hollow
Tama
Fill
Wyłaniać się
Iron
Opasać
Marvel
Wznieść
Powerhouse
Wypełnienie
Pour
Tarcie
Supply
Podmuchy
Immense
Port
Unprecedented
Pusty
Chalky
Potężny
Basement
Żelazo
Emerge
Skakać
Pipe
Cud
Friction
Filar
Soar
Rura
Sidewalks
Wlewać
Erect
Elektrownia
2
Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
Withstand
Wymagać
Counterweights
Zmienić
Sway
Chodniki
Suspension
Piąć się
Encircle
Rozciągać się
Leap
Zaopatrywać
Harbor
Wiszący
Accomplish
Kołysać się
Pier
Bezprecedensowy
Gusts
Wytrzymać
2.
Choose the correct answer. Wybierz właściwą odpowiedź
A.
Itaipu Dam
B.
Channel Tunnel
C.
C Tower
D.
The Golden Gate Bridge
Which of these structures…
1.
…can survive strong winds?
…..
2.
…consists of three separate structures?
…..
3.
…hangs above the water?
…..
4.
…is built of concrete bricks which are empty inside?
…..
5.
…is the world’s highest building?
…..
6.
…is used by radio and television stations?
…..
7.
…is used by the biggest trains?
…..
8.
…is used to produce power?
…..
9.
…links an island with a continent?
…..
10.
…provides two countries with energy?
…..
11.
…required a change in a river direction…?
…..
12.
…requires special aid not to move with the wind?
…..
13.
…survived a natural disaster?
…..
14.
…was build in 4 years?
…..
15.
…was constructed over 60 years ago?
…..
3
Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
3.
ame the tools and vehicles. azwij narzędzia i pojazdy
1……….
2……….
3……….
4……….
5……….
6……….
7……….
8……….
9……….
10……….
II.
Collocations
Kolokalizacja
Pewne słowa w języku angielskim dobierają się parami z innymi słowami, kształtując
się w mniej lub bardziej stałe wyrażenie
Spójrz na przykłady kolokalizacji i ich znaczeń
Certain words pair up with others forming more or less fixed expressions. Look at the
following examples of
collocations
and their
meanings
:
The difference between two similar things
=
dividing line
Time, money or effort that is wasted or produces no results
=
down the drain
The usual amount paid for something
=
the going rate
To complain or become angry about something, especially when this is not necessary
=
kick
up a fuss
When someone or something increases, develops etc very quickly
=
in leaps and bounds
To be very kind
=
have a heart of gold
A place where there is a lot of immoral behaviour
=
a den of iniquity
When a prize, job, opportunity etc is available for anyone who wants to try and have it
=
up
for grabs
An unnecessary expression of strong feelings about something that is very unimportant
=
a storm in a teacup
4
Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
1.
Complete the sentences with appropriate collocations. Uzupełnij zdania
właściwymi frazami.
1.
Computer technology has advanced by leaps and ………………..
2.
Her mother was convinced that the local disco was a den of ……………….
3.
I overpaid for my laptop but at that time I didn’t know the going ……………….
4.
It is easy to take advantage of her as she is so naïve and has a heart of …………
5.
John kicked up a ………………. because he couldn’t find his car keys
6.
My computer system suddenly shut down and 3 months of hard work went down
the ……………….
7.
The dividing ………………. between casual drinking and addiction is very thin
8.
The manager called an emergency meeting but it all turned out to be a storm in
a ……………….
9.
The new collection of Armani is now up for ………………. in the local store
KEY
I
1.
Require
Wymagać
Concrete
Beton
Span
Rozciągać się
Shift
Zmienić
Bypass
Obwodnica
Dam
Tama
Hollow
Pusty
5
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]